Bo Bennett
Logically Fallacious
People back up their personal religious beliefs by stating “it’s true to me, and that’s all that matters.” (Location 350)
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Humans have the capacity to establish and verify facts, to change and justify beliefs, and in general, to make sense of things. We do this by reason, and the process of doing so is called reasoning. (Location 389)
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an argument is an attempt to persuade someone of something by offering reasons to accept a given conclusion. (Location 396)
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I use the terms “arguer” and “interlocutor” or “audience” to represent the one making the argument and the person or persons considering the argument, respectively. (Location 412)
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Deduction is a form of reasoning and argument in which the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises. (Location 415)
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If the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true. That is what makes an argument deductive. This is also referred to as a formal argument. (Location 420)
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Arguments where the conclusion is merely based on probability, not necessity, are considered inductive arguments. These are usually constructed through inductive reasoning, which is the process of making general conclusions from specific instances. For example: (Location 422)
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A belief is defined as the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true. (Location 432)
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What is a Logical Fallacy, Exactly? The word “fallacy” comes from the Latin “fallacia” which means “deception, deceit, trick, artifice,” however, a more specific meaning in logic (a logical fallacy) that dates back to the 1550s means “false syllogism, invalid argumentation.” (Location 447)
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Elementary Lessons in Logic: Deductive and Inductive, published by MacMillian and Co. in 1872 (Location 452)
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Consider the bandwagon effect, a cognitive bias that demonstrates the tendency to believe things because many other people believe them. (Location 474)
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A practical guide to fallacy-free arguments. (Location 688)
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Ad Hoc Rescue (Location 744)
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When others verbally attack you, take it as a compliment to the quality of your argument. It is usually a sign of desperation on their part. (Location 795)
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Alleged Certainty (Location 998)
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Alphabet Soup (Location 1024)
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Anthropomorphism (Location 1157)
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Non-human thing is described with human characteristics. (Location 1162)
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Appeal to Common Belief (Location 1359)
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Avoiding the Issue (Location 2790)
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Cherry Picking (Location 3021)
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No True Scotsman (Location 5530)
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Proving Non-Existence (Location 5980)
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Shifting of the Burden of Proof (Location 6468)
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The belief itself is not a fallacy, but the reason for the belief often is. For example: I believe in God because how else could everything have got here? (argument from ignorance) I believe in God because he gave his only son for my sins. (emotional appeal) I believe in God because the Bible clearly says he exists. (circular reasoning) (Location 8262)
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